{"id":6036,"date":"2022-03-28T22:21:32","date_gmt":"2022-03-28T19:21:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/orer_rebrended\/?p=6036"},"modified":"2022-04-21T01:32:00","modified_gmt":"2022-04-20T22:32:00","slug":"nahorni-karabach-nebyl-nikdy-soucasti-azerbajdzanu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/2022\/03\/28\/nahorni-karabach-nebyl-nikdy-soucasti-azerbajdzanu\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach nebyl nikdy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina politolog\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee konflikt o N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach je ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fd, proto\u017ee se v n\u011bm dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do st\u0159etu dva principy mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va: pr\u00e1vo na sebeur\u010den\u00ed a pr\u00e1vo na \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pokud se v\u0161ak pod\u00edv\u00e1me do historie N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost\u00ed \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edsov\u011btsk\u00e9 obdob\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Arcach (N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach) je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed historick\u00e9 Arm\u00e9nie, kterou ve sv\u00fdch d\u00edlech zmi\u0148uj\u00ed \u0159e\u010dt\u00ed a \u0159\u00edm\u0161t\u00ed starov\u011bc\u00ed historici jako Strabo, Plinius star\u0161\u00ed<\/a> , Claudius Ptolemaios<\/a> , Plutarchos<\/a> , Dio Cassius<\/a> a dal\u0161\u00ed starov\u011bc\u00ed auto\u0159i. Starov\u011bk\u00e9 \u0159eck\u00e9 zdroje naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed oblast N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu Orchistene<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Naproti tomu \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n je relativn\u011b mlad\u00e1 zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 se poprv\u00e9 objevila na politick\u00e9 map\u011b v roce 1918 pod n\u00e1zvem \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e1 demokratick\u00e1 republika (1918-1920). Nikdy nebyla, na rozd\u00edl od Arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 republiky, form\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm spole\u010denstv\u00edm ani Spole\u010dnost\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V letech 1918-1920 tvo\u0159ili Arm\u00e9ni v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu v\u011bt\u0161inov\u00e9 obyvatelstvo (90 %). Ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed svolali sv\u016fj prvn\u00ed sjezd, kter\u00fd prohl\u00e1sil N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach za samostatnou politickou jednotku. Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rnou moc v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu<\/a> vykon\u00e1valo Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed karaba\u0161sk\u00fdch Arm\u00e9n\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V obdob\u00ed od kv\u011btna 1918 do dubna 1920 p\u00e1chal \u00c1zerbajd\u017e\u00e1n, podporovan\u00fd tureck\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi jednotkami, na Arm\u00e9nech v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu n\u00e1sil\u00ed a genocidu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dasil\u00ed \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m Karabachu vojensk\u00fdmi prost\u0159edky vyprovokovalo vznik arm\u00e9nsk\u00fdch obrann\u00fdch skupin. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1sledn\u011b p\u0159i\u0161ly vojensk\u00e9 jednotky z Arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 republiky zachr\u00e1nit utla\u010dovan\u00e9 karaba\u0161\u0161sk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo a zcela N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach osvobodily. 23. dubna 1920 Shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed karaba\u0161sk\u00fdch Arm\u00e9n\u016f prohl\u00e1silo N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach za nezcizitelnou sou\u010d\u00e1st Arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 republiky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sov\u011btsk\u00e9 obdob\u00ed<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne 30. listopadu 1920 sov\u011btsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu prohl\u00e1sila N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach, Zangezur a Nachi\u010devan za sou\u010d\u00e1st sov\u011btsk\u00e9 Arm\u00e9nie<\/a>. Dne 4. \u010dervence 1921 svolal Kavkazsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad Komunistick\u00e9 strany Ruska plen\u00e1rn\u00ed zased\u00e1n\u00ed v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Gruzie Tbilisi, b\u011bhem n\u011bho\u017e op\u011bt potvrdil skute\u010dnost, \u017ee N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach pat\u0159\u00ed k Arm\u00e9nsk\u00e9 SSR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u011bhem 4. a 5. \u010dervence 1921 v\u0161ak sov\u011btsk\u00fd dikt\u00e1tor Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu Josef Stalin toto rozhodnut\u00ed zm\u011bnil a p\u0159ipojil \u201ez nutnosti nastolen\u00ed m\u00edru mezi muslimy a Arm\u00e9ny<\/em>\u201c N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach do \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 SSR.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tak \u010di onak legitimita obou rozhodnut\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zpochybn\u011bna. Rozhodnut\u00ed Kavkazsk\u00e9ho p\u0159edsednictva \u00dast\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdboru Komunistick\u00e9 strany Ruska je bezprecedentn\u00edm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm aktem v historii mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va: o stavu \u00fazem\u00ed rozhodovala politick\u00e1 strana t\u0159et\u00ed zem\u011b, kter\u00e1 nem\u00e1 v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu \u017e\u00e1dnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed moc ani jurisdikci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u00e9, co se v roce 1988 arm\u00e9n\u0161t\u00ed obyvatel\u00e9 N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu za\u010dali do\u017eadovat pr\u00e1va na sebeur\u010den\u00ed, \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady organizovaly etnick\u00e9 \u010distky na cel\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu, zejm\u00e9na v Sumgaitu, Baku a Kirovabadu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proces nez\u00e1vislosti:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne 2. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 1991, na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona SSSR o \u201ePostupech \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9m\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se odtr\u017een\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00fdch republik od SSSR\u201c, vyhl\u00e1silo spole\u010dn\u00e9 zased\u00e1n\u00ed poslanc\u016f v\u0161ech \u00farovn\u00ed N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu a oblasti \u0160ahumjan nez\u00e1vislost Republiky N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach (NKR), kter\u00e1 byla pos\u00edlena referendem o nez\u00e1vislosti N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, kde 99,89% \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f hlasovalo \u201epro\u201c nez\u00e1vislost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. \u0159\u00edjna 1991 \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika potvrdila svou nez\u00e1vislost p\u0159ijet\u00edm \u201e\u00fastavn\u00edho z\u00e1kona o st\u00e1tn\u00ed nez\u00e1vislosti\u201c. Tento \u00fastavn\u00ed z\u00e1kon pova\u017eoval vznik sov\u011btsk\u00e9 moci v \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu za \u201eanexi sov\u011btsk\u00fdm Ruskem\u201c, kter\u00e1 \u201esvrhla \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nskou leg\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1du<\/a>\u201c.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    \u00c1zerbajd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika tak prohl\u00e1sila z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed sov\u011btsk\u00e9 moci v Baku za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 a odm\u00edtla cel\u00e9 sov\u011btsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Kdy\u017e \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika v roce 1991 odm\u00edtla sov\u011btsk\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed subjekt, kter\u00e9mu byla \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1na v roce 1920, p\u0159estal existovat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Odm\u00edtnut\u00edm leg\u00e1ln\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 SSR z let 1920-1991 ztratila \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e1 republika v\u0161echny n\u00e1roky na \u00fazem\u00ed p\u0159edan\u00e1 sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu v \u010dervenci 1921 – jmenovit\u011b N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach a \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n se osamostatnily podle stejn\u00e9ho sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va, tak\u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klady nez\u00e1vislosti t\u011bchto dvou republik jsou rovnocenn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed f\u00e1ze:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    V roce 1991 zah\u00e1jil \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n v\u00e1lku proti N\u00e1horn\u00edmu Karabachu, kter\u00e1 trvala a\u017e do kv\u011btna 1994, kdy \u00c1zerbajd\u017e\u00e1n, N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach a Arm\u00e9nie prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Ruska uzav\u0159ely dohodu o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed<\/a>. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n podepsal dohodu o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed s N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachem, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee Karabach byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za samostatn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed subjekt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    B\u011bhem v\u0161ech t\u011bchto let \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 m\u011bly v\u0161echny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 zdroje a st\u00e1l\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho partnera (Turecko), neust\u00e1le poru\u0161ovaly dohodu o p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Hrani\u010dn\u00ed st\u0159ety se v l\u00e9t\u011b 2014 zm\u011bnily ve v\u00e1lky a v dubnu 2016 se vojensk\u00e9 aktivity zastavily zprost\u0159edkov\u00e1n\u00edm Ruska.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2020 zah\u00e1jil \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1n, podporovan\u00fd Tureckem a syrsk\u00fdmi teroristy, novou v\u00e1lku proti Arcachu. P\u0159ed nastolen\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edho p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed zem\u0159elo na obou stran\u00e1ch tis\u00edce voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      Republika Arcach p\u0159esto nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd status a neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u00e1 z\u00e1ruka, \u017ee Arm\u00e9ni z Arcachu nebudou \u010delit nov\u00fdm etnick\u00fdm \u010distk\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      M\u016f\u017eeme tedy doj\u00edt z v\u00fd\u0161e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch argument\u016f k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 republiky nem\u00e1 s Republikou Arcach nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bjeliko\u017e Arcach (N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach) nebyl nikdy sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed nez\u00e1visl\u00e9ho \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu, a to ani v letech 1918-1920, ani po roce 1991.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Anzhela Mnatsakanyan je doktorandka z Arm\u00e9nie. Specializuje se na V\u00fdchodn\u00ed partnerstv\u00ed, Rusko a konflikt v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Zdroj: <\/em><\/strong>Greek City Times<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      P\u0159elo\u017eil David Jan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      29. LISTOPAD 2020<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      V\u011bt\u0161ina politolog\u016f se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee konflikt o N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach je ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fd, proto\u017ee se v n\u011bm dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do st\u0159etu dva principy mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va: pr\u00e1vo na sebeur\u010den\u00ed a pr\u00e1vo na \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost. Pokud se v\u0161ak pod\u00edv\u00e1me do historie N\u00e1horn\u00edho Karabachu, zjist\u00edme, \u017ee nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s \u00fazemn\u00ed celistvost\u00ed \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nu. P\u0159edsov\u011btsk\u00e9 obdob\u00ed Arcach (N\u00e1horn\u00ed Karabach) je ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed historick\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6037,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":true,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[365,380,998],"tags":[1000,746],"class_list":["post-6036","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-artsakh-cs","category-komentare","category-novinky","tag-artsakh-cs","tag-nahorni-karabach"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6036","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6036"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6036\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6042,"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6036\/revisions\/6042"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6037"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6036"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6036"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orer.eu\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6036"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}